Appendix A: Standardization, Reliability, and Validity Tables

Table A.36. Comparison of EQ 360 2.0 Scores in U.S. and Canadian Samples

The following table provides mean and standard deviations of EQ 360 2.0 scores in U.S. and Canadian samples. d values provide an effect size to describe differences between the two countries as small, medium, or large. F and p values provide statistical significance tests for these differences. The lack of meaningful differences (i.e., |d| ≥ .20) found between U.S. and Canadian participants supports combining the two countries in the EQ 360 2.0 normative sample.

Scale		U.S.	Canada	Cohen’s d	F	p
Total EI	M	100.2	97.8	0.16	6.60	.010
Total EI	SD	15.0	15.0	0.16	6.60	.010
Self-Perception Composite	M	100.1	98.8	0.09	1.89	.169
Self-Perception Composite	SD	15.0	15.0	0.09	1.89	.169
Self-Regard	M	100.2	98.2	0.13	4.19	.041
Self-Regard	SD	15.0	15.0	0.13	4.19	.041
Self-Actualization	M	100.1	98.9	0.08	1.52	.217
Self-Actualization	SD	15.0	15.0	0.08	1.52	.217
Emotional Self-Awareness	M	100.0	99.8	0.01	0.05	.822
Emotional Self-Awareness	SD	15.0	15.0	0.01	0.05	.822
Self-Expression Composite	M	100.2	97.5	0.18	8.27	.004
Self-Expression Composite	SD	15.0	15.0	0.18	8.27	.004
Emotional Expression	M	100.3	97.0	0.22	11.71	.001
Emotional Expression	SD	14.8	14.9	0.22	11.71	.001
Assertiveness	M	100.1	99.2	0.06	0.75	.386
Assertiveness	SD	15.0	15.0	0.06	0.75	.386
Independence	M	100.2	97.9	0.16	6.03	.014
Independence	SD	14.9	14.9	0.16	6.03	.014
Interpersonal Composite	M	100.1	98.5	0.11	3.12	.077
Interpersonal Composite	SD	15.0	15.0	0.11	3.12	.077
Interpersonal Relationships	M	100.1	98.6	0.10	2.59	.107
Interpersonal Relationships	SD	15.0	15.0	0.10	2.59	.107
Empathy	M	100.2	98.3	0.12	3.69	.055
Empathy	SD	14.9	15.0	0.12	3.69	.055
Social Responsibility	M	100.1	99.0	0.08	1.40	.237
Social Responsibility	SD	14.9	15.0	0.08	1.40	.237
Decision Making Composite	M	100.3	97.0	0.22	12.03	.001
Decision Making Composite	SD	15.0	15.0	0.22	12.03	.001
Problem Solving	M	100.3	96.9	0.23	12.72	.000
Problem Solving	SD	14.9	15.0	0.23	12.72	.000
Reality Testing	M	100.1	98.6	0.10	2.59	.108
Reality Testing	SD	15.0	15.0	0.10	2.59	.108
Impulse Control	M	100.3	96.7	0.24	14.48	< .001
Impulse Control	SD	15.0	15.0	0.24	14.48	< .001
Stress Management Composite	M	100.2	98.0	0.15	5.46	.019
Stress Management Composite	SD	15.0	15.0	0.15	5.46	.019
Flexibility	M	100.2	97.6	0.18	7.71	.006
Flexibility	SD	14.9	15.0	0.18	7.71	.006
Stress Tolerance	M	100.1	98.5	0.11	2.87	.090
Stress Tolerance	SD	14.9	15.0	0.11	2.87	.090
Optimism	M	100.1	98.4	0.12	3.45	.063
Optimism	SD	15.0	15.0	0.12	3.45	.063
Happiness	M	100.1	99.0	0.07	1.24	.265
Happiness	SD	15.0	15.0	0.07	1.24	.265

Note. Positive Cohen's d values signify higher means in the U.S. group, negative Cohen’s d values signify higher means in the Canadian group. Sample sizes vary due to missing data: U.S. = 2,925 to 2,928, Canada = 272. df for F-tests = 1, 3195 (Total EI); 1, 3194 (composites); 1, 3192 (subscales). Guidelines for evaluating |d| are .20 = small, .50 = medium, .80 = large.