Appendix A: Standardization, Reliability, and Validity Tables

Table A.31. EQ-i 2.0 Clinical Differences

The following table provides means and standard deviations of EQ-i 2.0 Total EI scores, composite scales, and subscales in the depressed/dysthymic, other clinical, and matched general population samples. F and p values provide statistical significance tests for the overall difference among the groups. d values provide an effect size for evaluating differences as small, medium, or large. Validity of the EQ-i 2.0 is supported by the meaningfully higher scores (i.e., d ≥ .20) found in the general population group relative to the depressed/dysthymic and other clinical groups for most EQ-i 2.0 scales.

Scale		DD. Depressed/Dysthymic	OC. Other Clinical	GP. General Population	F (2, 221)	p	Cohen’s d
Scale		DD. Depressed/Dysthymic	OC. Other Clinical	GP. General Population	F (2, 221)	p	GP vs DD	GP vs OC
Total EI	M	88.9	90.9	98.3	7.89	< .001	0.57	0.45
Total EI	SD	16.5	16.5	16.5	7.89	< .001	0.57	0.45
Self-Perception Composite	M	87.0	92.6	98.1	9.35	< .001	0.66	0.32
Self-Perception Composite	SD	16.9	16.9	16.8	9.35	< .001	0.66	0.32
Self-Regard	M	84.6	89.6	99.4	19.51	< .001	0.93	0.61
Self-Regard	SD	16.0	16.0	16.0	19.51	< .001	0.93	0.61
Self-Actualization	M	89.7	95.5	97.9	4.96	.008	0.47	0.14
Self-Actualization	SD	17.2	17.2	17.1	4.96	.008	0.47	0.14
Emotional Self-Awareness	M	94.6	97.6	97.5	0.73	.481	0.17	-0.01
Emotional Self-Awareness	SD	17.1	17.1	17.0	0.73	.481	0.17	-0.01
Self-Expression Composite	M	94.2	92.6	99.7	4.58	.011	0.36	0.46
Self-Expression Composite	SD	15.5	15.5	15.4	4.58	.011	0.36	0.46
Emotional Expression	M	97.5	96.0	99.3	0.82	.441	0.12	0.21
Emotional Expression	SD	15.5	15.5	15.4	0.82	.441	0.12	0.21
Assertiveness	M	96.7	93.7	99.7	2.24	.109	0.18	0.36
Assertiveness	SD	16.6	16.6	16.6	2.24	.109	0.18	0.36
Independence	M	92.3	92.8	100.4	7.83	.001	0.54	0.51
Independence	SD	15.1	15.1	15.0	7.83	.001	0.54	0.51
Interpersonal Composite	M	93.6	97.0	97.5	1.28	.281	0.23	0.03
Interpersonal Composite	SD	16.6	16.6	16.5	1.28	.281	0.23	0.03
Interpersonal Relationships	M	89.8	92.4	97.9	5.66	.004	0.50	0.34
Interpersonal Relationships	SD	16.4	16.4	16.3	5.66	.004	0.50	0.34
Empathy	M	96.1	99.4	97.5	0.54	.586	0.08	-0.11
Empathy	SD	17.4	17.4	17.4	0.54	.586	0.08	-0.11
Social Responsibility	M	98.7	101.3	98.2	0.70	.497	-0.03	-0.20
Social Responsibility	SD	15.6	15.5	15.5	0.70	.497	-0.03	-0.20
Decision Making Composite	M	89.5	88.4	99.2	10.31	< .001	0.58	0.64
Decision Making Composite	SD	16.7	16.7	16.7	10.31	< .001	0.58	0.64
Problem Solving	M	90.1	89.7	99.9	11.19	< .001	0.62	0.65
Problem Solving	SD	15.8	15.7	15.7	11.19	< .001	0.62	0.65
Reality Testing	M	92.4	97.0	97.8	2.59	.077	0.33	0.05
Reality Testing	SD	16.2	16.2	16.1	2.59	.077	0.33	0.05
Impulse Control	M	92.9	86.7	100.2	11.44	< .001	0.43	0.80
Impulse Control	SD	16.9	16.9	16.8	11.44	< .001	0.43	0.80
Stress Management Composite	M	88.6	89.9	98.6	8.94	< .001	0.59	0.52
Stress Management Composite	SD	17.0	17.0	16.9	8.94	< .001	0.59	0.52
Flexibility	M	94.3	90.1	99.6	6.22	.002	0.33	0.59
Flexibility	SD	16.1	16.1	16.0	6.22	.002	0.33	0.59
Stress Tolerance	M	90.5	90.7	98.8	6.59	.002	0.49	0.48
Stress Tolerance	SD	16.9	16.9	16.8	6.59	.002	0.49	0.48
Optimism	M	87.5	94.0	98.4	8.44	< .001	0.62	0.25
Optimism	SD	17.5	17.5	17.5	8.44	< .001	0.62	0.25
Happiness	M	85.0	91.1	98.8	13.75	< .001	0.79	0.44
Happiness	SD	17.5	17.4	17.4	13.75	< .001	0.79	0.44

Note. Depressed/Dysthymic N = 77, Other Clinical N = 50, General Population N = 100. Positive Cohen's d values represent higher mean scores in general population group. Guidelines for evaluating |d| are .20 = small, .50 = medium, .80 = large.