Appendix A: Standardization, Reliability, and Validity Tables

Table A.28. EQ-i 2.0 Scores in Corporate Leaders

The following table displays the means and standard deviations of the EQ-i 2.0 Total EI score, composite scales, and subscales in the corporate leaders sample used in validity analyses of the EQ-i 2.0. d values provide an effect size to describe the difference between leaders’ scores and those in the normative sample (M = 100, SD = 15) as small, medium, or large. The meaningfully higher scores (i.e., d ≥ .20) found in leaders relative to the normative sample supports the validity of the EQ-i 2.0.

Scale		Corporate Leaders	Cohen’s d (Relative to Norms)
Total EI	M	112.2	0.82
Total EI	SD	11.7	0.82
Self-Perception Composite	M	111.4	0.77
Self-Perception Composite	SD	11.4	0.77
Self-Regard	M	108.3	0.56
Self-Regard	SD	10.8	0.56
Self-Actualization	M	113.1	0.88
Self-Actualization	SD	10.4	0.88
Emotional Self-Awareness	M	107.0	0.47
Emotional Self-Awareness	SD	14.7	0.47
Self-Expression Composite	M	110.8	0.73
Self-Expression Composite	SD	11.4	0.73
Emotional Expression	M	107.5	0.50
Emotional Expression	SD	12.9	0.50
Assertiveness	M	109.5	0.64
Assertiveness	SD	12.0	0.64
Independence	M	108.4	0.57
Independence	SD	11.6	0.57
Interpersonal Composite	M	109.2	0.62
Interpersonal Composite	SD	11.8	0.62
Interpersonal Relationships	M	108.3	0.56
Interpersonal Relationships	SD	10.9	0.56
Empathy	M	106.2	0.41
Empathy	SD	13.6	0.41
Social Responsibility	M	109.6	0.64
Social Responsibility	SD	12.4	0.64
Decision Making Composite	M	109.6	0.64
Decision Making Composite	SD	13.0	0.64
Problem Solving	M	109.3	0.63
Problem Solving	SD	12.4	0.63
Reality Testing	M	109.0	0.60
Reality Testing	SD	12.4	0.60
Impulse Control	M	104.2	0.28
Impulse Control	SD	14.0	0.28
Stress Management Composite	M	111.1	0.75
Stress Management Composite	SD	12.7	0.75
Flexibility	M	107.4	0.49
Flexibility	SD	13.4	0.49
Stress Tolerance	M	110.5	0.70
Stress Tolerance	SD	13.2	0.70
Optimism	M	109.5	0.64
Optimism	SD	11.5	0.64
Happiness	M	106.9	0.46
Happiness	SD	11.1	0.46

Note. Positive Cohen's d values represent higher mean scores in corporate leaders. Guidelines for evaluating |d| are .20 = small, .50 = medium, .80 = large.